[
 {"id": "P01", "country": "all", "title": "Emergency water supply", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/water",
  "text": "Store at least one gallon (about 4 litres) of water per person per day, for at least three days, for drinking and sanitation. Children, nursing mothers and sick people may need more. Store water in tightly closed, food-grade containers and replace commercially bottled water by its expiry date."},
 {"id": "P02", "country": "all", "title": "Generators and carbon monoxide", "source": "https://www.cdc.gov/carbon-monoxide/about/index.html",
  "text": "Never run a generator, pressure washer, grill, camp stove or any gasoline-, propane- or charcoal-burning device inside a home, basement, garage or camper, even with doors and windows open. Keep a generator outdoors and at least 20 feet (about 6 metres) away from windows, doors and vents."},
 {"id": "P03", "country": "all", "title": "Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms", "source": "https://www.cdc.gov/carbon-monoxide/about/index.html",
  "text": "Carbon monoxide has no colour and no smell. Common symptoms are headache, dizziness, weakness, upset stomach, vomiting, chest pain and confusion. If you suspect poisoning, get everyone into fresh air immediately and call the emergency number. Install battery-operated carbon monoxide detectors."},
 {"id": "P04", "country": "all", "title": "Boiling water to make it safe", "source": "https://www.cdc.gov/water-emergency/about/index.html",
  "text": "If you do not have safe bottled water, boiling is the surest way to kill germs. Bring clear water to a rolling boil for 1 minute. At elevations above 6,500 feet (about 2,000 metres), boil for 3 minutes. Let it cool naturally and store it in clean, covered containers. If the water is cloudy, let it settle and filter it first."},
 {"id": "P05", "country": "all", "title": "Disinfecting water with bleach", "source": "https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/emergency-disinfection-drinking-water",
  "text": "If boiling is not possible, use regular unscented household chlorine bleach (6 percent). Add 8 drops (about 1/8 teaspoon) per gallon (about 4 litres) of clear water, stir and wait 30 minutes before drinking. If the water is cloudy, double the dose. Do not use scented, colour-safe or bleach with added cleaners."},
 {"id": "P06", "country": "all", "title": "Food safety in a power outage", "source": "https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage",
  "text": "Keep refrigerator and freezer doors closed. An unopened refrigerator keeps food cold for about 4 hours. A full freezer keeps its temperature for about 48 hours, a half-full freezer for about 24 hours. Throw away perishable food such as meat, milk and leftovers that has been above 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) for 2 hours or more. Never taste food to decide if it is safe."},
 {"id": "P07", "country": "all", "title": "Emergency food supply", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/food",
  "text": "Keep at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food that needs no refrigeration and little or no water or cooking, such as canned goods, dry mixes and ready-to-eat foods. Include a manual can opener and food for infants, people with special diets and pets."},
 {"id": "P08", "country": "all", "title": "Basic emergency kit", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/kit",
  "text": "A basic emergency kit includes water, food, a battery-powered or hand-crank radio, a flashlight, a first aid kit, extra batteries, a whistle to signal for help, dust masks, plastic sheeting and duct tape, moist towelettes and garbage bags, a wrench or pliers to turn off utilities, local maps and a phone charger with a backup battery."},
 {"id": "P09", "country": "all", "title": "Smell of gas", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/home-fires",
  "text": "If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, leave the building immediately and leave the door open. Do not turn lights or electrical switches on or off, do not use a phone or lighter inside, and do not light a flame. Call the gas company or the emergency number from outside, at a safe distance."},
 {"id": "P10", "country": "all", "title": "Floods: moving water", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/floods",
  "text": "Turn around, don't drown. Do not walk, swim or drive through flood waters. Just 6 inches (15 centimetres) of moving water can knock you down, and 1 foot (30 centimetres) of moving water can sweep your vehicle away. Stay off bridges over fast-moving water and move to higher ground."},
 {"id": "P11", "country": "all", "title": "Heat stroke", "source": "https://www.cdc.gov/heat-health/hcp/clinical-overview/heat-related-illnesses.html",
  "text": "Signs of heat stroke are a body temperature of 103 degrees F (39.4 degrees C) or higher, hot, red, dry or damp skin, a fast strong pulse, headache, dizziness, confusion and fainting. Call the emergency number right away, move the person to a cooler place and lower their temperature with cool cloths or a cool bath. Do not give the person anything to drink."},
 {"id": "P12", "country": "all", "title": "Hypothermia", "source": "https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/index.html",
  "text": "Signs of hypothermia are shivering, exhaustion, confusion, fumbling hands, memory loss, slurred speech and drowsiness. Get the person into a warm room, remove wet clothing and warm the centre of the body first (chest, neck, head, groin) with dry blankets or skin-to-skin contact. Warm drinks can help, but do not give alcohol, and do not give drinks to an unconscious person."},
 {"id": "P13", "country": "all", "title": "Severe bleeding", "source": "https://www.stopthebleed.org/",
  "text": "Call the emergency number. Apply firm, steady, direct pressure on the wound with a clean cloth and keep pressing. If bleeding from an arm or leg does not stop, apply a tourniquet 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7 centimetres) above the wound, not on a joint, tighten until the bleeding stops and note the time it was applied. Do not remove it yourself."},
 {"id": "P14", "country": "all", "title": "Medicines", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/kit",
  "text": "Keep at least a 7-day supply of prescription medicines, plus copies of prescriptions and a list of doses. Check expiry dates regularly. Medicines that need refrigeration may need a cooler or ice packs during a power outage; ask your pharmacist how long they stay usable without cooling."},
 {"id": "P15", "country": "all", "title": "Family communication plan", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/plan",
  "text": "Agree on a meeting place and an out-of-area contact person every family member can reach. When phone networks are busy, a text message often gets through when a call does not. Write important phone numbers on paper, because a phone battery can run out."},
 {"id": "P16", "country": "all", "title": "Shelter in place (chemical release)", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/shelter",
  "text": "If told to shelter in place, go indoors immediately, close and lock all windows and doors, turn off fans, air conditioning and heating that bring in outside air, and go to an interior room with as few windows as possible. Seal gaps with plastic sheeting and duct tape if instructed. Listen to the radio for official updates."},
 {"id": "P17", "country": "all", "title": "Earthquake", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/earthquakes",
  "text": "Drop, Cover, then Hold On. Drop to your hands and knees, cover your head and neck under a sturdy table, and hold on until the shaking stops. Do not run outside during shaking and stay away from windows. If you are in bed, stay there and protect your head with a pillow."},
 {"id": "P18", "country": "all", "title": "Home fire", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/home-fires",
  "text": "If there is a fire, get out, stay out and call the emergency number. Crawl low under smoke. Before opening a door, feel it with the back of your hand; if it is hot, use another way out. Never go back inside a burning building. Test smoke alarms every month."},
 {"id": "P19", "country": "all", "title": "Lighting in a power outage", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/power-outages",
  "text": "Use flashlights or battery lanterns in the dark, not candles, because candles cause fires. Unplug appliances and electronics to avoid damage from power surges when the power comes back. Keep a battery-powered radio for news."},
 {"id": "P20", "country": "all", "title": "Pets in emergencies", "source": "https://www.ready.gov/pets",
  "text": "Keep at least a three-day supply of food and water for each pet, plus medicines, a leash or carrier, and a recent photo in case you get separated. Many emergency shelters do not accept pets, so plan ahead where they can stay."},
 {"id": "NL1", "country": "NL", "title": "Netherlands: emergency kit (noodpakket)", "source": "https://www.denkvooruit.nl/noodpakket",
  "text": "Dutch government advice: be able to cope on your own for the first 72 hours after a disaster. Keep about 3 litres of water per person per day, long-lasting food, a battery radio, a flashlight, a power bank, a first aid kit, blankets, a whistle, cash, copies of ID documents and medicines. Check the supplies every six months."},
 {"id": "NL2", "country": "NL", "title": "Netherlands: siren and NL-Alert", "source": "https://www.crisis.nl/",
  "text": "In the Netherlands, warnings arrive on mobile phones via NL-Alert. The public warning siren is tested on the first Monday of every month at 12:00 noon. If the siren sounds outside a test: go inside, close doors and windows, turn off ventilation and follow NL-Alert and the regional emergency broadcaster. Emergency number: 112."},
 {"id": "BE1", "country": "BE", "title": "Belgium: BE-Alert and 72 hours", "source": "https://crisiscenter.be/",
  "text": "Belgian National Crisis Center advice: prepare to be self-sufficient for 72 hours with water, non-perishable food, medicines, a flashlight, batteries, cash and hygiene products. Register for free with BE-Alert so official warnings reach you by text message, call or e-mail. Emergency number: 112."},
 {"id": "FR1", "country": "FR", "title": "France: 72-hour kit and FR-Alert", "source": "https://www.info.gouv.fr/risques/kit-d-urgence-72h",
  "text": "French government advice: prepare an emergency kit to be autonomous for 72 hours. Official warnings arrive on mobile phones via FR-Alert. Emergency numbers in France: 112 (all emergencies), 15 (medical, SAMU), 17 (police), 18 (fire brigade), 114 (by text, for deaf or hard-of-hearing people)."},
 {"id": "DE1", "country": "DE", "title": "Germany: emergency supplies (BBK)", "source": "https://www.bbk.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Mediathek/Publikationen/Buergerinformationen/Ratgeber/BBK-Vorsorgen-fuer-Krisen-und-Katastrophen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=44",
  "text": "German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) advice: every household should be able to supply itself for 10 days if possible; even a supply for at least 3 days helps a lot. Water: ideally 2 litres per person per day, of which 0.5 litres is for cooking. For 3 people that is 18 litres for 3 days, 30 litres for 5 days and 60 litres for 10 days. Keep a battery, solar or crank radio: when the mobile network and internet fail, warning apps fail too, but radio stations still work. Emergency numbers: 112 (fire brigade and ambulance), 110 (police)."},
 {"id": "DE2", "country": "DE", "title": "Germany: warnings and sirens (BBK)", "source": "https://www.bbk.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Mediathek/Publikationen/Buergerinformationen/Ratgeber/BBK-Vorsorgen-fuer-Krisen-und-Katastrophen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=44",
  "text": "In Germany the authorities warn mostly through warning apps such as NINA and through the radio; in special danger they also warn by siren and by alerts sent to mobile phones (Cell Broadcast). Siren warning: a 1-minute howling tone that rises and falls. It means there is danger: find out what is happening. Siren all-clear: a 1-minute continuous tone. It means the danger is over. If the emergency numbers 110 and 112 no longer work, go to the nearest police station or to a hospital in an emergency."},
 {"id": "ES1", "country": "ES", "title": "Spain: emergency kit, ES-Alert and 112 (Protección Civil)", "source": "https://recursosemergencias.educacionfpydeportes.gob.es/dam/jcr:53d2439d-69e5-4606-a79f-3fe1610638cd/esp-guiafamiliar.pdf",
  "text": "Spanish government family guide (Ministry of the Interior, Protección Civil training plan): keep an emergency kit with drinking water (at least 1.5 litres per person per day, for three days), non-perishable food such as tins, energy bars, biscuits and nuts, a manual can opener, a torch with spare batteries or solar charging, a portable battery or crank radio, a first aid kit, cash and copies of personal documents. In Spain the ES-Alert system sends notifications directly to mobile phones with the instructions to follow. 112 is the single emergency number in all of Spain and the EU: free, 24 hours a day, for medical, police, fire or rescue emergencies. Use it only in real emergencies."},
 {"id": "ES2", "country": "ES", "title": "Spain: fridge and freezer after a power cut (AESAN)", "source": "https://www.aesan.gob.es/actualidad/actualidad-noticias/alimentos_refrigerados",
  "text": "Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN) advice, assuming the fridge and freezer doors stayed closed during the power cut. Power cuts shorter than 4 hours: the fridge can keep food below 5 degrees C, so in principle no food needs to be thrown away. Power cuts longer than 4 hours: the food may have gone above 5 degrees C; throw away perishable food such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, milk, fresh cheese and leftovers, even if you cook it. Freezers can keep freezing temperature for at least 24 to 48 hours if the doors are not opened. Food that has not fully thawed (it still has ice crystals, is hard and feels cold) can be frozen again. If you do not know how long food has been thawed, throw it away, especially if it is not cold."},
 {"id": "PL1", "country": "PL", "title": "Poland: home supplies (Poradnik bezpieczeństwa)", "source": "https://www.gov.pl/attachment/fa491036-8872-457c-95e4-d1292e4a8203",
  "text": "Polish government safety guide (Poradnik bezpieczeństwa, 2025): prepare home supplies for a minimum of 3 days and check them regularly, including expiry dates, every few months. Food and drink: a minimum of 3 litres of water per person per day and food that is ready to eat. Keep cash in different denominations. A power cut can last several days and cut off water, heating, internet, the phone and card payments. Open the fridge and freezer as little as possible so they stay cold longer. Emergency number: 112."},
 {"id": "PL2", "country": "PL", "title": "Poland: warnings and siren signals (Poradnik bezpieczeństwa)", "source": "https://www.gov.pl/attachment/fa491036-8872-457c-95e4-d1292e4a8203",
  "text": "Polish government safety guide: the services warn the public through, among other channels, alarm sirens, the Regional Warning System (RSO) and RCB alerts sent to mobile phones. Siren signals: an alarm is announced by a continuous, modulated (rising and falling) siren sound for 3 minutes; the alarm is cancelled by a continuous, steady siren sound for 3 minutes. If you hear an alarm signal, switch on the radio or television and follow the instructions of the authorities."},
 {"id": "SE1", "country": "SE", "title": "Sweden: home preparedness (Om krisen eller kriget kommer)", "source": "https://rib.msb.se/filer/pdf/30828.pdf",
  "text": "Swedish brochure 'Om krisen eller kriget kommer' (MSB, now the Swedish Civil Defence Agency, MCF): most of us must be able to manage on our own for at least one week. You need at least 3 litres of water per day, mainly for drinking and cooking. Get jerry cans or buckets with lids to fetch water, and buy bottled water or fill containers made for food. Keep cash in different denominations for at least one week. Sveriges Radio P4 is the emergency broadcast channel and keeps broadcasting in a crisis or war. Emergency number: 112."},
 {"id": "SE2", "country": "SE", "title": "Sweden: outdoor warning signals (Hesa Fredrik)", "source": "https://rib.msb.se/filer/pdf/30828.pdf",
  "text": "Sweden's outdoor warning system, known as 'Hesa Fredrik', is tested on the first non-holiday Monday of March, June, September and December at 15:00. Important public message (VMA): a 7-second signal and a 14-second pause, repeated, ending after 2 minutes. Go inside, close windows, doors and if possible ventilation, and listen to Sveriges Radio P4. Air raid warning (flyglarm): short signals for 1 minute; go at once to the nearest shelter, basement or other protected place, preferably a room without windows. All clear (faran över): one long unbroken signal for 30 seconds."}
]